Educational Psychology Research

6 cognitive levels: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create

Application: Every skill is classified by cognitive complexity level

Psychometric parameters: difficulty (b), discrimination (a), guessing (c)

Application: Predicts learner success probability at any ability level

Transformative, irreversible concepts that unlock entire domains

Application: Identifies gateway knowledge worth extra investment

Working memory limits, element interactivity, chunking

Application: Prevents overload; optimizes learning sequence

4 support levels from full worked examples to independent practice

Application: Systematic independence building with appropriate support

80% for standard skills, 90% for threshold concepts

Application: Clear, research-based definition of 'learned'

Common errors and troublesome aspects per skill

Application: Proactive error prevention and targeted remediation

Default intervals: 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60 days

Application: Optimizes long-term retention; prevents knowledge decay

Required/recommended/helpful strength relationships

Application: Ensures proper learning sequence; prevents frustration

P(Mastery) 0-1 with 4 parameters: pL0, pT, pS, pG

Application: Real probabilistic mastery, not just % correct

Readiness score from prerequisite mastery

Application: Always working in productive struggle zone

Personal ease factor and intervals based on response quality

Application: Personalized retention optimization

Auto-adjusts support level (L1-L4) based on P(Mastery)

Application: Right amount of help at all times

Confidence predictions vs actual performance

Application: Reveals overconfidence and underconfidence

Avoidant (<10%), appropriate (20-40%), excessive (>50%)

Application: Identifies unhealthy learning patterns

Mastery vs performance vs avoidance orientation

Application: Adapts messaging and encouragement style

Inferred from response times and error patterns

Application: Adapts content complexity to individual limits

Consecutive failures, session duration, skill avoidance

Application: Early detection of frustration before dropout

Error types matched against known misconceptions

Application: Distinguishes systematic errors from random mistakes

Flags gaps > 40% between confidence and performance

Application: Immediate detection of dangerous miscalibration

Rate of mastery acquisition across skills and time

Application: Predicts time-to-mastery; identifies acceleration needs